Improvement in grain-ceilings for vessels



C. LAZAREVITCH.

Improvement in Gra1n-CeHings for Vessels.

, Patented Aug. 13,1"812: Jzyj Jiyl.

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AM PHOTULlT/WG/M PHIL 00 Ml MSEOHNE; PPOCESS/ PATENT OFFICE.

GONSTANTIN LAZAREVITCH, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPRQVEMENT IN GRAIN-CEILINGS FOR VESSELS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 130,434, dated August13, 1872.

' Specification describing a new and useful Improvement in Grain-Ceilingfor Ships, invented by GONSTANTIN LAZAREVITOH, of the city, county, andState of New York.

When grain is shipped in bulk from one port to another, and especiallyto European ports, it is necessary to ceil the part of the vessel whichcontains such cargo to protect it from dampness. Such ceiling isrequired by the insurance companies. Boards are therefore placed betweenthe bottom of the vessel and the grain, thus making a second bottom withboards, which overlap each other in that part of the hold. These boards.are firmly nailed down to the bottom of the vessel, which renders itimpossible to remove them without splitting, breaking, and effectuallydestroying them. This lumber, consisting of many thousand feet, isconsequently sold for fire-wood after the grain has been discharged.

My object in this invention is to so put in and secure this ceiling thatthe lumber or boards of which it is composed shall not be injured, butmay be removed intact and sold as perfect lumber, thus effecting a verymaterial saving to ship-owners, while reducing the cost of freight. Myinvention therefore consists in securing the ceiling with hooks, whichdo not penetrate or injure the lumber, the construction and applicationof which is hereinafter more fully described.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents a vertical crosssectionof the hold of a vessel, showing the ceiling secured according to myinvention. Fig. 2 is a top view of the ceiling, showing the mode ofsecuring the joints. Fig. 3 is a view of one of my hooks detached.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The drawing, Fig. 1, represents different views of the ceiling, showingthe short cap at the joint as well as the'other part of the ceiling. Arepresents the boards, which are of the usual length and breadthemployed for such purposes. I do not confine myself to any particularsas regards the lumber. B is the hook, made of metal, which I use insecuring the ceiling to the parts of the vessel, either to the bottom orto upright partitions or bulkheads, as may be required. I do not confinemyself to any particular arrangement of the ceiling, either on thebottom or on the partitions or bulkheads. The ceiling may be placedwhere it will best answer the purpose for which it is intended. Thehooks B are driven into the bottom, or partition, or bulkhead, as seenin the drawing, so that each hook is brought in contact with andsupports two boards. The shank c and back I), and the face 6, and anglef are all brought in contact and serve to hold and secure the boards inplace. Intermediate strips g, between the boards, of a thickness aboutequal to the diameter of the hook, may be inserted, if desired, as seenin the drawing. Where the ceiling joins, as seen in Fig. 2, the

' joint is covered by short caps, H, nailed or 0th erwise secured to thevessel.

I .do not confine myself to a hook formed precisely like the one shown,but design to use any hook by which the ceiling may be securely fastenedto the parts of the vessel without penetrating it with nails, and sothat the boards can readily be removed uninjured.

, Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent- The method of constructing and securing falseor removable ceilings or floors, substantially in the manner and for thepurposes described and set forth.

CONSTANTIN LAZAREVITOH.

Witnesses T. B. Mosnnn, W. A. GRAHAM.

